cepat…dalam hitungan detik,menit dan jam.,
semuanya berlalu begitu saja..wusshhh…..
angin…
a’isha..the prophet’s wife Oktober 2, 2008
Aisha Siddiqa is the third wife of the Prophet Muhmmad (peace be upon him).She is the daughter of Abu Bakr Al Siddiq the closest friend of the Prophet and his first successor or caliph. She is given the title “Siddiqa” due to an incident of which God Almighty testified to her honesty, trustworthiness and purity.A’isha was known for her vastness of knowledge whilst she is young. Known also for her striking beauty and her formidable memory, she was under the care and attention of Prophet Muhammad pbuh. Aishah became the Prophet’s wife in Makkah when she was in the 10th year of her life but the marriage took place the 2nd year after the Hijrah when she was 14 or 15 years of age.
A’isha left her family’s home and joined Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). ‘A’isha reported that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told her that the angel Jibril came to him and showed him a picture of her on a piece of green silk and said, “She is your wife in this world and in the next world.” She was to leave her parents’ house then slipped out into the courtyard to play with a friend before the wedding. She said, “on the seesaw I was playing with my long streaming hair disheveled as they came and took me for the occasion.” The dressed her with fine red striped cloth from Bahrain. Her mother then accompany her to a newly built house where women of Ansar waited outside the door. They greet, “For good and for happiness, may all be well.” In the presence of the smiling Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) a bowl of milk was brought which the Prophet drank from it and he then offered it to ‘A’isha. Shyly she declined, but when insisted she drink and offered the bowl to her sister Asma’ who was sitting beside her. Guests who were present drank from it. This is a simple and solemn occasion of their wedding.
Many viewed the marriage between Muhammad and ‘A’isha as an exceptional marriage as they were exceptionally extraordinary people. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the last of the Prophets and the best of creation and miracle of Allah; whilst ‘A’isha is intelligent and observant young girl with a very good memory.
Though Aisha was still young but marriage at this early age was normal at that time , this marriage was for a high wisdom , she was to learn at that very early age in the school of Mohummed , she would impart a lot of prophet’s sayings and deeds that occurred in the house ; thesecouldn’t be known by any one as it occurred in the prophet’s house . Every minute of the prophet’s life was to be recorded so that people could learn . So many were learned especially matters regarding family life by A’isha .
As the Quran continued to be revealed, A’sha and the people’s hearts were transformed.She was a witness to all the many beautiful happenings surrounding the Prophet. Muslims honour and respect `A’ishah, as a transmitter of hadith (sayings of the Prophet). She is also regarded to be an authority for the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an. The life of `A’ishah is a proof that a woman can be far more learned than men as she is considered the teacher of scholars and experts. Having a good accurate memory and a pure, clear heart and a quick mind she is not afraid to ask and whenever she wins an argument with the people, the Prophet would smile and said, “She is the daughter of Abu Bakr!” A’ishah’s father, Abu Bakar became the first khalifa in Islamic history. During her youthful years, A’ishah, known for her extraordinary power of memory acquired from him knowledge and insight no other woman ever acquired.
Musa ibn Talha once said, “I have not seen anyone more eloquent than ‘A’isha.” ‘A’isha (may Allah be pleased with her) so full of wisdom and knowledge that one of her contemporaries said that if the knowledge of ‘A’isha were placed on one side of a scale with that of all other women on the other side, ‘A’isha’s would outweigh the other. She used to sit with other women and teach the knowledge she had gained from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
Once the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to her, “O ‘A’isha, here is Jibril giving you greetings of peace.” “And on him be peace.” She said, ‘and the mercy of Allah.” When she was telling Abu Salama about this, she added, “He (meaning the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) ) sees what I do not see.” A’isha not only is extremely intelligent she is also a very graceful young woman. When she first came to live with the Prophet, she builds up a strong friendship with Sawda. Sawda took care of not only her but along with the rest of the household.As ‘A’isha grew up, Sawda being old gave up her share of the Prophet’s time in favour of ‘A’isha and manage his household and be Umm al Mumineen – ‘The Mother of the Believers’ – the most respectable title given to the wives of the Prophet.
A’ishah used to say: “I am not jealous of the other Prophet’s wives as I am jealous of Khadijah. This is due to the Prophet’s constant mentioning of her and as God had commanded him to give her glad tidings of a mansion in Paradise of precious stones. And when he sacrificed a sheep he would send a fair portion of it to her intimate friends. Occasionally, I would say to him: It is as if there had never been any other woman in the world except Khadijah!”
A’ishah is known for her Generosity .She bore poverty and hunger with the Prophet, along with the rest of his household for long periods of time. Poverty never caused her distress nor did sufficiency corrupt her soul.
Once, A’ishah was given a gift of one hundred thousand dirhams(a unit of currency). She was then fasting and decided to distribute the entire amount to the poor and the needy though she had no provisions in her house. Shortly after, a maidservant asked her: “Could you buy meat for a dirham with which to break your fast?” She said: “If I had remembered, I would have done so.”
During her times, A’isha witnessed many great events that shaped the destiny of the first Muslim community of Madina. One of the great events was the change of direction of the Qibla from Jerusalem to Mecca.She also helped to preserve and protect the sunna of Prophet Muhammad by teaching it to others. ‘A’isha was once asked to describe the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and she replied that he was ‘the walking Quran’, as he was the Quran translated into action.It was during the course of their marriage that, amongst others, the battles of Badr, and Uhud, and Al-Khandaq (the Ditch) were fought. These were the three major battles against the Quraish, that shifted the power out of the hands of the kafirun and into the hands of the Muslims. Though very young, ‘A’isha participated by helping bring water for the Muslim warriors and helped the wounded. She give life to the people around her. Indeed one of the meanings of her name, ‘A’isha’, is ‘life’.
During the course of their marriage, the Jews plotted and tried to kill the Prophet on many occasion but without success and the Jews were being punished for the plot. Often when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went to the holy war, he took one of his wives with him. He did not choose but simply drew lots and whose name is called will accompany the Prophet. During the fight with Banu al-Mustaliq, the lot fell to ‘A’isha, and she traveled with him.
A’isha then 13 years old, was small, slim, and graceful.And it was rather difficult for the men who carried her litter to know if she is in the litter bag or not.On their journey back to Medina, after the Banu al Mustaliq subdued, the Muslim army stopped to rest but the Prophet ordered that the army should march back. Unknown to everyone, ‘A’isha had stepped out of her litter for a few minutes and had left the camp. On her way back to the liiter, she noticed that her onyx necklace went missing and traced the path she had took and found it.Upon her return to the camp, she found everyone already left.The men who carried the litter thinking that A’isha was still in it strapped it to the camel and marched on. ‘A’isha who have faith only in God sat down, and waited, hoping that someone would notice her absence and would come back for her. By God’s mercy, she did not waited long, for a young Muslim man named Safwan ibn al-Mu’attal, who had fallen behind the army after taking a rest, reached the camp during the night and found her fast asleep.
“Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji’un!” – “Surely we come from Allah and surely to Him we return!” Safwan exclaimed and his voice awaken ‘A’isha.Without uttering more, Safwan made his camel kneel down close so that A’isha could climb. Leading the camel with his hand, he set off on foot and began his journey after the army. Both Safwan and A’isha met with the army the next morning as they stopped to rest as it was a hot day. Some hypocrites upon seeing Safwan and ‘A’isha arrived alone began spreading slanderous lies about them. The story however reached the Prophet himself (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
As a result of all this gossip, the Prophet’s household was under a lot of strain.Someone informed A’isha about the rumours and this made her ill.With the Prophet’s permission, she stayed at the house of her parents. Upon her arrival, she said to her mother, Umm Ruman, “Mother! What are the people saying?” She replied “O my daughter! Do not make too much of the business. By Allah, seldom has there been a woman of beauty with a husband who loves her and who has co-wives but that people say a lot against her.” A’isha said, “Glory be to Allah! The people have really been saying this?” ‘A’isha said, “I have spent the entire night until morning unable to stop weeping and could not sleep at all. Morning found me still weeping.”
Safwan was then confronted with allegations and he replied, “Glory be to Allah! By Allah, I have never removed the veil of any woman!” Since there had been no revelation to clarify the matter, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked Barira, who was ‘A’isha ’s maid servant, if she had seen anything in ‘A’isha’ s behavior that was at all doubtful. “By Him who sent you with the truth,” she replied, “I have not seen nothing wrong with her, other than that she is a young girl and sometimes she falls asleep while she is kneading the dough and a lamb comes along and eats it!”.When the companions are not satisfied with the answer, she said “Glory be to Allah!” she replied. “I know as much about her as a jeweller knows about a piece of pure gold!”
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked Zaynab’s opinion. Though she and A’isha were frequently at odds and Zaynab’s sister Hamna,one of those who were actively gossiping and spreading the rumor, she replied without hesitation, “O Messenger of Allah,” she said, “I will not repeat anything that I have not heard with my own ears and seen with my own eyes. By Allah, I find nothing in her but goodness.”
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) defended A’isha’s honor by calling the community to the mosque but the hypocrites makes matters worst and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) calmed and silenced them.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went to Abu Bakr’s house, A’isha cried her heart out, and in the presence of her parents said the shahada, and then continued, “If you are innocent, then Allah Himself will protect your honor, and if by accident there has been a lapse on your part, then seek the forgiveness of Allah and He will pardon you, for when a slave admits a fault and turns to Him in repentance, then Allah also turns and accepts that repentance.”
A’isha said, “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) finished what he was saying, my tears stopped so that I was not aware of a single tear. I said to my father, ‘Answer the Messenger of Allah for me regarding what he has said.’ He said, ‘By Allah, I do not know what to say to the Messenger of Allah,’ I said to my mother, ‘Answer the Messenger of Allah for me regarding what he has said.’ She said, ‘By Allah, I do not know what to say to the Messenger of Allah.’”
A’isha said, “I am a young girl who does not yet recite much of the Qur’an. By Allah, I know that you have heard this story that people are saying and it has become fixed in yourself and you have believed it. If I were to say to you that I am innocent, you would not believe me. If I were to confess to something to you and Allah knows that I am innocent you would believe me. By Allah, I can only say what the father of Yusuf said, Patience is beautiful, and Allah is my protection against what you describe. (Quran 12:18)” Then I turned over on my bed, Allah knowing that I was innocent and hoping that Allah would proclaim me innocent. However, by Allah, I did not think that any relation would be sent down regarding me. I thought too little of myself that something would be said in the Qur’an regarding me, however I hoped that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would have a dream in which Allah would exonerate me. Before finishing her speech, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) received a direct revelation of some more ayahs of the Qur’an, and when it was over, he smiled and said, “Do not worry, ‘A’isha, for Allah has revealed proof of your innocence.”A’isha’s mother, who had been standing next to her, said, “Get up and thank him.”
“By Allah,” exclaimed A’isha, whose title, ‘Siddiqa’, means ‘the truthful one’, “I will not thank him and praise him but rather Allah ,Who has given the revelation that has protected my honor!” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went to the mosque and recited what had just been sent down: “Surely those who fabricate the lie are a group from among you. Do not think it is bad thing for you; no it is good for you. Every man will receive what he has earned for this sin, and whoever had the greater part in it will have a great punishment. Why did the men and women believers, when they heard it, not think good in their selves and say: ‘This is clearly a lie?’ Why did they not produce four witnesses? Since they did not produce witnesses, they are certainly liars in the sight of Allah. If it were not for the grace of Allah, and His mercy on you in this world and in the next world, an awful doom would have overtaken you for what you repeated. Since you received it with your tongues, and repeated what you did not know anything about with your mouths, you thought it was a trifle, but in the sight of Allah it is serious. Why, when you heard it, did you not say: ‘It is not for us to repeat this, Glory be to You (O Allah), this is a serious rumor.’ Allah warns you to never repeat anything like this again, if you are indeed believers and Allah makes the signs clear to you; and Allah is Knowing, Wise. Surely those who love to spread around slander about those who believe will have a painful punishment in this world and in the next world; and Allah knows and you do not know. (Quran 24:11-19).
These are among the many great stories of A’isha. According to the available records, A’isha was born in 614 C. E. and died in 678 C. E. A’ishah lived almost 50 years long after the demise of the holy Prophet and as long as A’isha’s lives, she was the source of knowledge and wisdom for both women and men. Abu Musa once said, “Whenever a report appeared doubtful to us, the Companions of the Prophet, and we asked ‘A’isha about it, we always learned something from her about it.”
Scholars regard her as one of the earliest legal scholars of Islam along with great people like Umar ibn al-Khattab, Ali and Abdullah ibn Abbas. The Prophet said about A’isha : “Learn a portion of your religion from this red colored lady”, a description given to `A’ishah by the Prophet.
A’ishah not only acquire great knowledge but also took part in education and social reformation.Her power of speech described by al-Ahnaf who said: “I have heard speeches of Abu Bakr and Umar, Uthman and Ali and the Khulafa (rulers of them Muslims) up to this day, but I have not heard speech more persuasive and more beautiful from the mouth of any person than from the mouth of `A’ishah.”
Men and women came from far to benefit her knowledge. The number of women is said to be far greater than of men. Besides answering enquiries, she took boys and girls, some of them orphans, into her custody and trained them under her care and guidance. The great A’ishah was known to be a leader in every field in knowledge, in society, in politics and in war. She lived long enough to maintain a position as the most respected woman of her time. She died in the year 58 AH in the month of Ramadan and as she instructed, was buried in the Jannat al-Baqi in the City of Light, beside other companions of the Prophet .
May God bless her for her greatness and purity
adopted from www.55a.net (atas saran dari sahabat terjauhku mas “mahmoud” dari negeru’t firaun sono…may allah bless u brother..itupun kalo dia ngerti bahasa indo:D)amin…
sep07 September 30, 2008
entah,,,
semua yang terjadi begitu cepat datang dan begitu cepat berlalu,,seolah benar apa yang sudah ditetapkan,,ta ada yang abadi
bulan ini,,tepat satu tahun salah satu teman,,
yang kebersamaan kami hanya dibatasi waktu 3 tahun di sekolah lanjutan tingkat pertama meninggalkan dunia kami yang amat fana ini,,,
kepergiannya yang terasa begitu cepat seakan menyadarkan lamunan panjang tentang keleha-lehaan,,keborosan terhadap waktu yang kulahap habis untuk hal-hal yang sebenarnya belum jelas apa maksud dan tujuannya,,
kepergiannya membuyarkan lamunan panjangku tentang hal-hal yang hanya ada dalam angan,,
serasa tamparan keras mendarat di kedua pipi,,
ketika aku melangkahkan kaki memasuki rumah mungilnya di ujung gang,,tubuhnya terbujur kaku ditutupi kain panjang bermotif batik cirebon,,entah,,
berapa kali aku kedipkan mata untuk meyakinkan apa yang kulihat saat itu,,
tubuhnya benar-benar kaku tak bergerak meski jerit tangis dari kawan-kawan yang lain memenuhi ruang sempit multifungsi itu,,
aku tetap dengan angkuhnya menahan tangis berusaha seolah tetap tegar,,,berdiri dan duduk di tengah yang lain berusaha menguatkan mereka,,
sampai tiba pada saat tubuh kakunya dibopong kedalam sebuah kotak beroda empat,,
dengan alunan sirine yang menjerit2 meninggalkan kami ke tempat tidurnya,,
saat itu aku masih tetap berdiri,,
namun saat itu juga cairan hangat menetes terjun ke pipi tirusku,,saat itu mulai terlintas dalam benakku,,
satu saat nanti yang belum jelas namun pasti akan datang,,aku akan ada di posisi yang sama dengan temanku yang telah terbujur kaku itu,,
apa yang akan ku bawa?
apa yang akan ku jawab saat dua penjaga liang kubur bertanya menghakimiku?
apa yang akan ku jadikan pembelaan saat bukti-bukti yang memberatkan timbangan amal menunjuk arah yang menyeramkan?
apa?
saat itu aku makin tertegun,,kepergian salah satu bagian dari kumpulan orang tempat ku berbagi duka maupun suka pergi,,dengan waktu yang cukup cepat,,dengan cara yang begitu naas,,
namun aku bersyukur masih ada waktu walau semenit untuk memperbaiki semua ke-eroran dalam diri,,
waktu yang telah diamanahkan harus ku pergunakan dengan sebaik-baiknya,,
ya rabbana ampuni dia,,ampuni segala kekhilafan yang pernah ia lakukan,,terima dia di sisi-Mu ya Rabb..
berikan tempat ganti yang terbaik,,
terimalah segala apa yang dia lakukan,,
ampuni hamba yang terlalu boros membuang waktu untuk hal-hal yang ta’ berguna,,
apa dan mengapa(global warming) September 30, 2008
Sejak dikenalnya ilmu mengenai iklim, para ilmuwan telah mempelajari bahwa ternyata iklim di Bumi selalu berubah. Dari studi tentang jaman es di masa lalu menunjukkan bahwa iklim bisa berubah dengan sendirinya, dan berubah secara radikal. Apa penyebabnya? Meteor jatuh? variasi panas matahari? Gunung meletus yang menyebabkan awan asap? Perubahan arah angin akibat perubahan struktur muka Bumi dan arus laut? Atau karena komposisi udara yang berubah? Atau sebab yang lain?
Sampai baru pada abad 19, maka studi mengenai iklim mulai mengetahui tentang kandungan gas yang berada di atmosfer, disebut sebagai gas rumah kaca, yang bisa mempengaruhi iklim di Bumi. Apa itu gas rumah kaca?
Sebetulnya yang dikenal sebagai ‘gas rumah kaca’, adalah suatu efek, dimana molekul-molekul yang ada di atmosfer kita bersifat seperti memberi efek rumah kaca. Efek rumah kaca sendiri, seharusnya merupakan efek yang alamiah untuk menjaga temperatur permukaaan Bumi berada pada temperatur normal, sekitar 30°C, atau kalau tidak, maka tentu saja tidak akan ada kehidupan di muka Bumi ini.
Pada sekitar tahun 1820, bapak Fourier menemukan bahwa atmosfer itu sangat bisa diterobos (permeable) oleh cahaya Matahari yang masuk ke permukaan Bumi, tetapi tidak semua cahaya yang dipancarkan ke permukaan Bumi itu bisa dipantulkan keluar, radiasi merah-infra yang seharusnya terpantul terjebak, dengan demikian maka atmosfer Bumi menjebak panas (prinsip rumah kaca).
Tiga puluh tahun kemudian, bapak Tyndall menemukan bahwa tipe-tipe gas yang menjebak panas tersebut terutama adalah karbon-dioksida dan uap air, dan molekul-molekul tersebut yang akhirnya dinamai sebagai gas rumah kaca, seperti yang kita kenal sekarang. Arrhenius kemudian memperlihatkan bahwa jika konsentrasi karbon-dioksida dilipatgandakan, maka peningkatan temperatur permukaan menjadi sangat signifikan.
Semenjak penemuan Fourier, Tyndall dan Arrhenius tersebut, ilmuwan semakin memahami bagaimana gas rumah kaca menyerap radiasi, memungkinkan membuat perhitungan yang lebih baik untuk menghubungkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca dan peningkatan Temperatur. Jika konsentrasi karbon-dioksida dilipatduakan saja, maka temperatur bisa meningkat sampai 1°C.
Tetapi, atmosfer tidaklah sesederhana model perhitungan tersebut, kenyataannya peningkatan temperatur bisa lebih dari 1°C karena ada faktor-faktor seperti, sebut saja, perubahan jumlah awan, pemantulan panas yang berbeda antara daratan dan lautan, perubahan kandungan uap air di udara, perubahan permukaan Bumi, baik karena pembukaan lahan, perubahan permukaan, atau sebab-sebab yang lain, alami maupun karena perbuatan manusia. Bukti-bukti yang ada menunjukkan, atmosfer yang ada menjadi lebih panas, dengan atmosfer menyimpan lebih banyak uap air, dan menyimpan lebih banyak panas, memperkuat pemanasan dari perhitungan standar.
Sejak tahun 2001, studi-studi mengenai dinamika iklim global menunjukkan bahwa paling tidak, dunia telah mengalami pemanasan lebih dari 3°C semenjak jaman pra-industri, itu saja jika bisa menekan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca supaya stabil pada 430 ppm CO2e (ppm = part per million = per satu juta ekivalen CO2 – yang menyatakan rasio jumlah molekul gas CO2 per satu juta udara kering). Yang pasti, sejak 1900, maka Bumi telah mengalami pemanasan sebesar 0,7°C.
Lalu, jika memang terjadi pemanasan, sebagaimana disebut; yang kemudian dikenal sebagai pemanasan global, (atau dalam istilah populer bahasa Inggris, kita sebut sebagai Global Warming): Apakah merupakan fenomena alam yang tidak terhindarkan? Atau ada suatu sebab yang signfikan, sehingga menjadi ‘populer’ seperti sekarang ini? Apakah karena Al Gore dengan filmnya “An Inconvenient Truth” yang mempopulerkan global warming? Tentunya tidak sesederhana itu.
Perlu kerja-sama internasional untuk bisa mengatakan bahwa memang manusia-lah yang menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya pemanasan global. Laporan IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) tahun 2007, menunjukkan bahwa secara rata-rata global aktivitas manusia semenjak 1750 menyebabkan adanya pemanasan. Perubahan kelimpahan gas rumah kaca dan aerosol akibat radiasi Matahari dan keseluruhan permukaan Bumi mempengaruhi keseimbangan energi sistem iklim. Dalam besaran yang dinyatakan sebagai Radiative Forcing sebagai alat ukur apakah iklim global menjadi panas atau dingin (warna merah menyatakan nilai positif atau menyebabkan menjadi lebih hangat, dan biru kebalikannya), maka ditemukan bahwa akibat kegiatan manusia-lah (antropogenik) yang menjadi pendorong utama terjadinya pemanasan global (Gb.1).
Hasil perhitungan perkiraan agen pendorong terjadinya pemanasan global dan mekanismenya (kolom satu), berdasarkan pengaruh radiasi (Radiative Forcing), dalam satuan Watt/m^2, untuk sumber antropogenik dan sumber yang lain, tanda merah dan nilai positif dari kolom dua dan tiga berarti sumbangan pada pemanasan, sedangkan biru adalah efek kebalikannya. Kolom empat menyatakan dampak pada skala geografi, sedangkan kolom kelima menyatakan tingkat pemahaman ilmiah (Level of Scientific Understanding), Sumber: Laporan IPCC, 2007.
Dari gambar terlihat bahwa karbon-dioksida adalah penyumbang utama gas kaca. Dari masa pra-industri yang sebesar 280 ppm menjadi 379 ppm pada tahun 2005. Angka ini melebihi angka alamiah dari studi perubahan iklim dari masa lalu (paleoklimatologi), dimana selama 650 ribu tahun hanya terjadi peningkatan dari 180-300 ppm. Terutama dalam dasawarsa terakhir (1995-2005), tercatat peningkatan konsentrasi karbon-dioksida terbesar pertahun (1,9 ppm per tahun), jauh lebih besar dari pengukuran atmosfer pada tahun 1960, (1.4 ppm per tahun), kendati masih terdapat variasi tahun per tahun.
Sumber terutama peningkatan konsentrasi karbon-dioksida adalah penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, ditambah pengaruh perubahan permukaan tanah (pembukaan lahan, penebangan hutan, pembakaran hutan, mencairnya es). Peningkatan konsentrasi metana (CH4), dari 715 ppb (part per billion= satu per milyar) di jaman pra-industri menjadi 1732 ppb di awal 1990-an, dan 1774 pada tahun 2005. Ini melebihi angka yang berubah secara alamiah selama 650 ribu tahun (320 – 790 ppb). Sumber utama peningkatan metana pertanian dan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil. Konsentrasi nitro-oksida (N2O) dari 270 ppb – 319 ppb pada 2005. Seperti juga penyumbang emisi yang lain, sumber utamanya adalah manusia dari agrikultural. Kombinasi ketiga komponen utama tersebut menjadi penyumbang terbesar pada pemanasan global.
Kontribusi antropogenik pada aerosol (sulfat, karbon organik, karbon hitam, nitrat and debu) memberikan efek mendinginkan, tetapi efeknya masih tidak dominan dibanding terjadinya pemanasan, disamping ketidakpastian perhitungan yang masih sangat besar. Demikian juga dengan perubahan ozon troposper akibat proses kimia pembentukan ozon (nitrogen oksida, karbon monoksida dan hidrokarbon) berkontribusi pada pemanasan global. Kemampuan pemantulan cahaya Matahari (albedo), akibat perubahan permukaan Bumi dan deposisi aerosol karbon hitam dari salju, mengakibatkan perubahan yang bervariasi, dari pendinginan sampai pemanasan. Perubahan dari pancaran sinar Matahari (solar irradiance) tidaklah memberi kontribusi yang besar pada pemanasan global.
Dengan demikian, maka dapat dipahami bahwa memang manusia yang berperanan bagi nasibnya sendiri, karena pemanasan global terjadi akibat perbuatan manusia sendiri. Lalu bagaimana dampak Global Warming bagi kehidupan? Alur waktu prediksi dan dampak dari perspektif sains dapat dibaca pada bagian kedua tulisan ini
(disadur dengan begitu tak tau malunya ,,,,dari tulisan makhluk lain yg lebih mengerti tentang ini,,,)
belajar baca September 29, 2008
someone to care for
maria goodin
My friend Natalie can’t see the point in you. She says that all you do is burp, fart, dribble, grin inanely and emit a series if unintelligible noises. Admittedly she hasn’t seen you at your best, but I still think that’s a little harsh.
The first time Natalie came to visit you were asleep on your back, gurgling little spit bubbles, a thin strand of drool running down your chin. Natalie just stared at you as if you were a creature from another planet. She made no secret of the fact that she wasn’t impressed.
The second time she came to visit you crawled across the carpet towards her and vomited on her expensive new shoes. I tried to make light of it, explaining that it’s mainly just liquid and wipes off easily, but she really did look quite appalled.
Natalie likes being a career woman, rushing between meetings in her power suit, clutching her Starbucks Coffee and her laptop. She’s never wanted a husband or a baby, but if she could see you on a good day I’m sure she’d feel differently. If she could see the way you clap your hands and squeal with excitement when Scooby-Doo comes on the telly then she’d find you just as adorable as I do.
Instead she thinks you’re smelly and have a strange shaped head. She looked revolted when I said you like putting your toes in your mouth, and finds it disturbing that you’re always staring greedily at my breasts. It upsets her even more when you stare greedily at her breasts. I tried to explain that you’re a man and that’s what men do, but she wasn’t having any of it.
If I’m honest, I think you could have made a bit more of an effort when Natalie first visited our house. I know it was the morning after Spongey’s stag do, but I thought you could have at least lugged yourself into the bedroom instead of lying sprawled on the sofa in a curly wig, a pair of women’s shoes and a t-shirt with a photo of Spongey’s bare bottom on the front. If you’d had some trousers on it might not have been so bad. Natalie and I were comfortable enough perched on the wooden chairs, but it was quite distracting to have you snoring over our conversation, and I think Natalie was a bit uncomfortable when you started mumbling and fiddling with yourself.
When Natalie left, giving me a kiss on the cheek and a look of pity before rushing off for an appointment with her personal trainer, I removed your stilettos, covered you with a blanket and wiped the drool from your chin. Later, when you woke up screaming about a pain in your head which you assumed must be a brain haemorrhage, I gently explained that you had simply consumed an excessive amount of alcohol. I then sat by your side, holding your hand and stroking your forehead in a bid to reassure you. Three days later when you had recovered, I firmly reiterated this link between lager and suffering and said I hoped you had learnt your lesson. You looked ashamed, said you wouldn’t do it again and then promptly went out and got wasted.
I’d secretly hoped that things would be better the next time Natalie came to visit. I thought she might like you better if you had your trousers on and were conscious. To be fair you didn’t let me down on either of those counts, but if I’m going to be picky then I wish you’d been sober and hadn’t vomited on her.
I assumed that when I told you she was coming for dinner you would come home from the pub before ten o’clock, but of course you bumped into Spongey down at the Queens Head and the two of you decided to celebrate the fact that you were wearing the same socks. I understand how important these things are to you, and I do appreciate the fact that you phoned me from the pub six times with a string of terrible excuses, but could you not have come for the Chicken Chasseur I had prepared? Instead you fell through the front door three hours late, addressed Natalie as Bob, crawled towards her on all fours and then chucked up all over her feet. It wiped off just as I said it would, but I don’t think that made Natalie like you any better.
Once Natalie had left – which she did at great pace – I cleared up the mess and sat you down at the kitchen table. You clutched my fingers tightly and tried to put one of them in your mouth, mistaking it for the digestive biscuit I offered you. I should have been furious, but when you grinned stupidly at me, your mouth surrounded by biscuit crumbs, my heart softened and I forgave you. At the end of the day, however badly you behave, you’re mine and I still love you.
I can understand why Nathalie thinks you’re an idiot, but it’s easy for her to judge. She already has everything she ever desired. I never wanted the impressive job title, the sports car or the big flashy house. All I ever really wanted was to be a mother. You might not be the most sophisticated man in the world, but you have a good heart and all the other necessary parts to help me fulfil that dream.
I know exactly why having a baby is so important to me: I want someone I can take care of. I find it incredible that another flailing, helpless human being could rely on me to look after them. Babies are so utterly incapable of looking after themselves, so dependent on others for their wellbeing. From their failure to control their bodily functions to their inability to use their tiny undeveloped brains, they are so completely useless without someone to care for them. I want to be needed like that.
Natalie says I don’t need a baby to fulfil my dream. She says I’m already there.
I have no idea what she means. I just don’t think these career women understand.
adopt from short-stories.co.uk
(mudah-mudahan ada hikmah yg bisa kita ambil..)
